Topologia drzewa zwana jest także topologią hierarchiczną lub topologią gwiazdy rozproszonej. Nazwa bierze się stąd że przypomina ona swoim kształtem rozgałęzione drzewo. W topologii tej jedną magistralę zwaną pniem (BackBone) podłącza się do huba. Następnie jest ona dzielona na dwie lub większą ilość magistral tworzących gałęzie drzewa. Te następnie znów się dzielą tworząc podgałęzie, które także się rozdzielają. Takie rozwiązanie powoduje że topologia ta nabiera cech topologii gwiazdy (stąd jedna z jej nazw). Stacje robocze w tym ułożeniu stanowią tylko najniższy poziom hierarchii drzewa, natomiast wszystkie pozostałe poziomy są tworzone przez urządzenia sieciowe. We wszystkich punktach podziału komputer przesyła sygnały. Topologia drzewa jest niezwykle elastyczna, co umożliwia praktycznie dowolną konfigurację.

Można wyróżnić dwa rodzaje tej topologii. Pierwszym z nich jest drzewo binarne, które charakteryzuje się tym, że każdy z węzłów ma dokładnie dwa węzły podrzędne. Natomiast drugi rodzaj to drzewo szkieletowe, w którym węzły rozchodzą się dowolnie od pnia szkieletu.

Przepływ informacji jest hierarchiczny. Jeżeli przepustowość kanałów transmisyjnych łączących poszczególne stopnie hierarchii rośnie wraz ze zbliżaniem się do korzenia drzewa, to drzewo takie nosi nazwę grubego.

W sieciach opartych na topologii drzewa możliwe jest również połączenie elementów na konkretnym poziomie hierarchii. Taki układ nosi wtedy nazwę X – drzewa.

Do zalet drzewa zaliczyć można:

Do wad drzewa zalicza się:

• dużą liczbę kabli

• trudności w odnajdywaniu błędów

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